Bibliography
PRIMARY SOURCES
"The Bread One Is Working For" 1920-1930. Photograph. Russian Archives Online. Web.
25 Oct. 2013. <http://russianarchives.com/gallery/posters/index.html>.
This is a black, white, and beige poster. The note reads ‘Young man from the new regime refuses to sell bread unless the old regime shows work books - no work, no food.” This helped show me how the government publicized its policies through posters and propaganda.
Babaev, Aleksandrova G., and V. Puchkov. ""Glory to Our Country"" Rec. 1943. N.d.
SovMusic. Web.
<http://www.sovmusic.ru/english/list.php?category=rodina&gold=yes&part=1>.
This is a song about the “glorious, sweet motherland” With this song you can see how Stalin even influenced music, encouraging simple war tunes.
“Be On Guard.”1920s. Photograph. Web.
This poster shows a firm, bright red hand disciplining a smaller black hand. This poster preaches that you should be paranoid and some people are “Enemies of the people” and are evil. These people are trying to compromise soviet happiness.
"Capitalists Countries: Unite!" 1917-20. Photograph. Russian Archives Online. Web. 25
Oct. 2013. <http://russianarchives.com/gallery/posters/index.html>.
This poster pictures three fat men (symbolizing capitalist countries) sitting atop nude bodies. This image shows how the Soviet Union displayed other countries to its people. The caption reads: "League of Nations - Capitalists from all countries, unite!"
Chernov, Novosti. Joseph Stalin’s Funeral. 1961. Photograph. Web. 9 Feb. 2014.
<http://en.ria.ru/photolents/20130305/179810895_16/stalin-funeral.html>.
This is a photo of the peoples of the USSR after the death of Stalin. They are all holding up images of Stalin. This image shows the great impact of being immersed into total propaganda.
Child Labor. N.d. Photograph. Effects of the Industrial Revolution. Web. 09 Feb. 2014.
<http://webs.bcp.org/sites/vcleary/ModernWorldHistoryTextbook/IndustrialRevolutio
/REffects.html>.
This is a photograph of a child sweeping in a factory during the industrial revolution. This image illustrated the hardships of the industrial revolution.
"Citizens !" Foreign Languages Publishing House (1954), n.d. Web. 14 Oct. 2013. <http://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/stalin/works/1905/10/x01.htm>.
This old newspaper article, found in the archives of Marxists.org, was one originally published in October of 1905. It speaks of how the people want “Down with Autocracy! “ and how they shout ”Long Live the General Armed Uprising!” This old article provided useful insight on what it was like in the early 1900’s.
Collection of “Specialist workers”. N.d. Photograph. The Commissar Vanishes. New York:
Metropolitan, 1997. N. pag. Print.
This image shows the top seven “specialist workers” and how four out of the seven were marked-out (killed) due to the idea that “Not one disorder, not one accident should go unheeded.”
The Communist Manifesto. N.d. Photograph. Radical Revolution. 3 Oct. 2005. Web. 9 Feb. 2014.
<http://rationalrevolution.net/special/library/communist_manifesto.htm>.
This is a picture of a book cover of the Communist Manifesto. It provided a visual and the cover also includes a photo of Karl Marx and Frederick Engels, which is helpful.
Fonvisin. Vladimir Lenon Reads the Pravda. 1931. Photograph. Russian Archives Online.
Web. 25 Oct. 2013. <http://russianarchives.com/gallery/posters/prop3.html>
This poster shows Lenon reading his own newspaper, the Pravda. I found this image interesting. It somewhat reminds me of the “Got milk?” commercials we have today, but in a twisted way.
Illingworth. Peeking Under the Iron Curtain. 1946. Photograph. Johnandclare.net. Web.
<http://www.johndclare.net/cold_war7.htm>.
This was a cartoon of Winston Churchill peeking under “the iron curtain” from the Daily Mail. This cartoon illustrated how true Churchill’s words seemed to ring and illustrates his idea nicely.
Issak Zelensky. N.d. Photograph. The Commissar Vanishes. New York: Metropolitan,
1997. N. pag. Print.
This is a photograph of the face of Issak Zelensky marked out in Alexander Rodchenko’s copy of Ten Years of Uzbekistan. This image showed me how skilled the Soviet Union was at making people disappear.
John Locke Portrait. N.d. Photograph. : The Freeman : Foundation for Economic Education.
Foundation for Economic Education. Web. 09 Feb. 2014.
<http://www.fee.org/the_freeman/detail/john-locke-natural-rights-to-life-liberty-and-property#axzz2sEBQ3g5P>.
This is a picture of John Locke. I used this photograph in my website to provide for imagery, as I, myself, am a visual learner.
Jones, Gareth. A Great Multitude That No Man Could Number. N.d. Photograph. 1933
Ukrainian Famine Photos from Ammnede. Human Life in Russia. Web. 09 Feb. 2014. <http://www.garethjones.org/soviet_articles/thomas_walker/human_life_in_russia.hm>
This image pictured a group of Ukrainian people hat had been killed in the famine, piled in a stack. This image was unsettling because it almost desensitized you to the deaths.
Jones, Gareth. Another Child Victim Of The Famine. N.d. Photograph. 1933. Ukrainian Famine
Photos from Ammnede. Human Life in Russia. Web. 09 Feb. 2014. <http://www.garethjones.org/soviet_articles/thomas_walker/human_life_in_russia.hm>
This is an image of a child, about my age, starving and sitting in what looks to be a bathtub. This image is especially unsettling because you tend to put yourself in the child’s perspective when viewing. I used this photo as a visual aid.
Jones, Gareth. Another Famine Victim Lying In A Field. N.d. Photograph. 1933. Ukrainian Famine
Photos from Ammnede. Human Life in Russia. Web. 09 Feb. 2014. <http://www.garethjones.org/soviet_articles/thomas_walker/human_life_in_russia.hm>
This is a famine victim lying in a field, with no one helping him. It shows the immensely terrible state the people under the imposed famine were in – enough to just collapse, near dead, and receiving no help.
Jones, Gareth. Collecting Corpses For Burial. N.d. Photograph. 1933. Ukrainian Famine Photos
from Ammnede. Human Life in Russia. Web. 09 Feb. 2014. <http://www.garethjones.org/soviet_articles/thomas_walker/human_life_in_russia.htm>
This is a black and white image of a woman taking a dead famine victim and placing her onto a stretcher. This shows how the famine had lasted for so long that it had become integrated into a daily part of their life.
Jones, Gareth. Famine Is Of All Scourges The Cruelest To Children. N.d. Photograph. 1933.
Ukrainian Famine Photos from Ammnede. Human Life in Russia. Web. 09 Feb. 2014. <http://www.garethjones.org/soviet_articles/thomas_walker/human_life_in_russia.htm>
This is a photograph of a young woman presumably holding her child. It was also taken in Ukraine during the famine, further illustrating the horror that Stalin unleashed if only for his plans to be implemented.
Jones, Gareth. Famine Victims In Hospital .N.d. Photograph. 1933. Ukrainian Famine Photos
from Ammnede. Human Life in Russia. Web. 09 Feb. 2014. <http://www.garethjones.org/soviet_articles/thomas_walker/human_life_in_russia.htm>
This pictures a famine victim lying in a hospital bed. I used this photograph because I feel like it really portrays some of the horror that the famine brought.
Jones, Gareth. Mass Graves Of Famine Victims, In Such Numbers They Resemble Dunes. N.d.
Photograph. 1933. Ukrainian Famine Photos from Ammnede. Human Life in Russia. Web.
09 Feb. 2014. <http://www.garethjones.org/soviet_articles/thomas_walker/human_life_in_russia.htm>
This is a photo of a mass burial site for the famine victims, only partly portraying the sheer number of those that died during the famine imposed by Stalin.
Jones, Gareth. Surrender. N.d. Photograph. 1933 Ukrainian Famine Photos from Ammnede'.
1936. Human Life in Russia. Web. 09 Feb. 2014. <http://www.garethjones.org/soviet_articles/thomas_walker/human_life_in_russia.htm>.
This is a photo taken in Ukraine during the famine. It pictures a mule lying on its side, too ill to stand up. This photograph allows the website viewer to see the immense impact and extent of Stalin’s control.
Mukhina, Vera. Worker and Collective Farm Woman. 1931. Photograph. Web. Jan. 2014.
<http://www.therussiahouse.net/ID7_worker.html>
This photo of the Pro-Communist statue showed me how art was used as a tool by the government to win the hearts and minds if its people.
October Revolution. N.d. Photograph. 1917 Russian Revolution. IMD. Web. 09 Feb. 2014.
<http://www.miraed.net/parallelhistory/event_display_get.php?fname=1917%20Russia
%20Revolution>.
This is a photograph of the October Revolution picturing people rallying in the streets ready to take over the provisional government. This picture helped me to realize the immense public support Lenin had in creating a Communist society.
Propaganda Poster for the 1937 Election. N.d. Photograph. Marxists.org. Web. <http://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/stalin/works/1937/12/election/index.hm>
This image is of a poster picturing Stalin. It is a propaganda poster for his election in 1937. Though Stalin ran for his position doesn’t mean that it was a fair election. This poster just continues to illustrate the trickery of the government.
A Road to Peace. N.d. Photograph. EnglishRussia.com. Web. 14 Oct. 2013. <http://englishrussia.com/images/anti_usa/4.jpg>.
This is a Russian propaganda poster against America. In this cartoon, it shows Uncle Sam using nuclear weapons as stilts and it reads “A Road to Peace” where he is walking. This propaganda was meant to encourage negative thoughts about America.
Samokhvalov, Aleksandr. "Long Live the Socialist Revolution in the Whole World!" 1922,
Photograph. Hoover Institution. Russian Archives Online. PBS. Web.
<http://www.pbs.org/redfiles/rao/gallery/posters/index.html>.
This is a political poster picturing Lenin gesturing toward a cheering crowd during his arrival into Petersburg. This source shows how the propaganda influenced the pride that the citizens of the Soviet union felt about their country, and how they are constantly reminding the public that the Communist party is their savior and dear friend.
Stalin Portrait. 1936. Photograph. Marxists.org. Web. 14 Oct. 2013.
<http://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/stalin/photo/s1936a.htm>.
This is a black and white photograph of Stalin. This image gives a nice visual as to how Stalin looked like and makes him easier to spot in later photographs.
Stalin Portrait: Through the Ages. N.d. Photograph. The Commissar Vanishes. New York:
Metropolitan, 1997. N. pag. Print.
This is an image of Stalin and the members of the Eighth congress of Bolshevik Party, Moscow. This was the original image. It was cut down eventually to only Stalin after members were killed or dismembered.
Stalin’s Kindness Enlightens. 1947. Photograph. Buamai. Web. 13 Oct. 2013.
<http://www.buamai.com/image/40846>.
This is a poster showing Stalin holding up a young girl, who is waving the flag of the USSR. This propaganda shows how blinded masses can be by images of the false reality.
Stalin’s Death. 1953. Photograph. Web. 9 Feb. 2014. <http://stalin.narod.ru>.
This photograph was taken on March 9. Nine pallbearers are pictured carrying the coffin from the Hall of Columns onto a gun carriage. I used this photograph because I felt that it captured the utter sadness and insecurity involving his death.
Statue of Stalin. N.d. Photograph. The Commissar Vanishes. New York: Metropolitan, 1997. N.
pag. Print.
This is a black and white image of a statue of Stalin. Many revolting countries under the rule of Stalin would deface and take down the Stalin statues in their cities as protest. This source helped me see how propaganda really was everywhere.
Soifertis. Polite Yanks. 1952. Photograph. Russian Archives Online. Web. 24 Oct. 2013.
<http://russianarchives.com/gallery/posters/prop7.html>.
This is a photo of America drinking milk. The top of the poster reads, "In the French town of Le-Man the delivery of milk was reduced 50% because the American occupation troops are the first to get dairy products."
"So It Was in the Time of the Tsar." 1936. Photograph. Russian Archives Online. Web. 25
Oct. 2013. <http://russianarchives.com/gallery/posters/prop3.html>.
This poster really shows the true definition of propaganda. It pictures a red banner reading, "Only the life in the kolkhoz (collective farm) made work an honorable thing... The kolkhoz introduced the working day. And what is the working day? For the working day everybody is equal: men and women." The message is not bad as a whole, but is laced with the ideologies of socialism.
Soviet Ruble. 1924. Photograph. Web. Feb, 2014.
<http://www.mcsearch.info/record.html?id=264182>
This is a photo of a Soviet ruble in 1924. It demonstrates and helps address in my website how propaganda was something deeply incorporated into every aspect of life. This coin pictures two men walking toward a future full of sunshine, and highlights the Communist October Revolution.
Svec, Otakar. Stalin Statue. May 1, 1955. Photograph. Web. Feb, 2014.
<http://www.radio.cz/en/section/curraffrs/worlds-biggest-stalin-monument-would-have
turned-50-on-may-day>
This is a black and white photograph of a statue previously in present day Moscow. It has an interesting history- a day before the unveiling, its artist committed suicide. This statue shows how art was used solely as an expression of the government. I thought this was an extremely interesting visual.
Tarasova, Liudmila. "We Subdue Space and Time." 1986. Photograph. Russian Archives
Online. Web. 24 Oct. 2013.
<http://russianarchives.com/gallery/posters/prop10.html>.
This image pictures two people floating in space circling the world. This image highlights the idea of Russian dominance.
Thank You, Dear Stalin, for Our Happy Childhood! 1935. Photograph. SovMusic. 2013.
Web. 25 Aug. 2013. <http://www.sovmusic.ru/english/p_view.php?id=284>.
This is a poster picturing Stalin looking over happy children. This poster enforces the image of Stalin being a fatherly figure - a figure you should listen to and respect.
TIME Magazine Cover: Stalin, Man of the Year. 1943. Photograph. TIME Magazine.
TIME. Web. 13 Oct. 2013.
<http://content.time.com/time/covers/0,16641,19430104,00.html>.
This is a TIME cover of Joseph Stalin. This shows especially how powerful Stalin and his lies were - they were believed by TIME magazine to the point where his “amazing” accomplishments were plastered on the front cover. Seeing this source really hit home, as I usually spend Saturday mornings flipping through the pages of TIME.
Toidze, Irakli. Motherland Is Calling! N.d. Photograph. Soviet Posters. Web.
<http://www.sovietposters.com>.
This is a famous soviet poster picturing a woman holding an enlistment form into the army. This is a poster arousing a sense of nationalism and pride in order to get citizens to fight in the army. This somewhat reminds me of the USA Uncle Sam’s “I want you!” poster.
Under the Leadership of the Great Stalin – Forward to Communism. Photograph. Web. Feb,
2014. <http://historoda.com/2013/04/17/revolution-and-nationalism-totalitarianism/>
This is another propaganda poster to link Stalin to the Communist dream. It ties his connection somewhat to highly popular Lenin, and tells the people - Yes, if anyone can, Lenin can!
“Vaterland”. N.d. Photograph. The Commissar Vanishes. New York: Metropolitan, 1997.
N. pag. Print.
This is a cruel caricature of German officials published in 1938; it is black and white and shows them as hogs drinking water. This cartoon is yet another that mocks Germany.
Vladimirsk, Boris. Roses for Stalin. 1949. Photograph. Web. Dec, 2013.
<http://www.all-art.org/art_20th_century/socialist_realism1.html>
This is a painting of Stalin holding a bouquet of roses presented by young children. This is another example of Socialist realism, and illustrates the controlling government of Stalin’s Soviet Union.
“We'll Execute the Plan of the Great Works.”. 1920s. Photograph. Web.
This propaganda poster pictures a hand made up of thousands. It shows how the government pressured the individual to make the “right” decision for the country like everyone else. It forces the individual to question their position.
White, Matthew. Map of the USSR in 1950. 2000. Photograph. Apr. 2000. Web. Jan.
2014. <http://users.erols.com/mwhite28/ussr.htm>.
This is a map of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics in 1950. This source helped me to visualize the union better, and provides some context as to where the USSR is.
"Winston Churchill at Fulton." YouTube. YouTube, 31 Dec. 2006. Web. 24 Oct. 2013.
<http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P8_wQ-5uxV4>.
This is footage of Winston Churchill giving a speech on March 5, 1946, speaking of the “iron curtain” and how Soviet propaganda was shutting us out from seeing the truth. This footage was extremely helpful and helped me to better understand how America and the rest of the world felt about the Soviet Union under Stalin.
Wyver, John. Father Stalin Statue. N.d. Photograph. Illuminations Films. 25 Jan. 2011. Web. 09
Feb. 2014. <http://www.illuminationsmedia.co.uk/blog/index.cfm?&news_id=95>.
This is another photograph of a statue of Stalin - the statue was actually destroyed a year after Stalin died, as part of the fall of Communism. This photograph was meant to illustrate the strength and power Stalin had during his rule.
Yeflemov. "Spectre of Communism" 1948. Photograph. Russian Archives Online. Web. 25
Oct. 2013. <http://russianarchives.com/gallery/posters/prop4.html>.
This is a poster that pictures a man carrying the flag of communism. The captions read, "There is a spectre haunting Europe, the spectre of Communism. One hundred years late: you see, sirs, today it is not a spectre - today it is a reality!” This poster helped show the spread and rise of communism in the Soviet Union.
SECONDARY SOURCES
Bezmenov, Yuri. "Yuri Bezmenov; Ex-KGB Defector - "Deception Was My Job" [full
Length]MUST SEE!" Interview by Edward Griffin. YouTube. YouTube, 19 Jan.
2011. Web. 14 Oct. 2013. <http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_doqvkC-jYk>.
This interview from over 20 years ago with a famous Soviet defector who was a propagandist with the KGB, focuses on how the Soviets used systemic disinformation to manipulate the public’s perception of events.
Bezmenov, Yuri. "Yuri Bezmenov: Psychological Warfare Subversion & Control of
Western Society (Complete)." Lecture. Yuri Bezmenov Lecture, 1983. Los Angeles, CA. 13 Oct.
2013. YouTube. YouTube, 22 Feb. 2011. Web. 14 Oct. 2013. <http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5gnpCqsXE8g>.
This lecture in Los Angeles expands on how the KGB used the media to propagate their message.
Davenport, Tim. "Speech Delivered by Comrade J. Stalin at a Meeting of Voters of The
Stalin Electoral Area, Moscow." Speech at a Meeting of Voters. N.p., n.d. Web. 14 Oct.2013.<http://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/stalin/works/1937/12/election index.htm>.
This article was just commentary on two election propaganda posters for Stalin in 1937. It was really interesting to know the story behind the posters.
"DEATH BY GOVERNMENT." DEATH BY GOVERNMENT: GENOCIDE AND MASS MURDER.
N.p., n.d. Web. 06 Feb. 2014. <http://www.hawaii.edu/powerkills/NOTE1.HTM>.
This source is gives a few interesting demographics portraying the amount of people killed under Stalin’s rule.
"Effects of the Industrial Revolution." Untitled Document. N.p., n.d. Web. 09 Feb. 2014. <http://webs.bcp.org/sites/vcleary/ModernWorldHistoryTextbook/IndustrialRevolutio
/REffects.html>.
This website explained the mass effects of the Industrial Revolution and gave me some historical context as to, how, exactly, the desire for communism arose.
Fiefer, George. PBS. PBS, 1999. Web. 25 Aug. 2013. <http://www.pbs.org/redfiles/>.
The PBS series “Red Files” highlights history from a Soviet perspective, and links to many interesting sources, as well as databases that were especially useful for my topic.
Feifer, George. Red Files: Secrets from the Russian Archives. New York: TV, 2000. Print.
This book based on the PBS series “Red Files” provides more detailed and accessible information on Soviet propaganda and trickery used throughout Stalin’s rule.
Jones, Bill T. "Red Flag (1917-1940)." PBS. PBS, n.d. Web. 09 Feb. 2014.
<http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/peoplescentury/episodes/redflag/description.html>.
This source was created by PBS and was a historical recounting of the Russian Revolution. This article included interesting quotes, and helped solidify my understanding of the historical context - it helped me to realize that the October revolution only preceded the February Revolution, and the entire Russian Revolution were these two revolutions together.
"Joseph Stalin Biography." Bio.com. A&E Networks Television, n.d. Web. 14 Oct. 2013.
<http://www.biography.com/people/joseph-stalin-9491723>.
This secondary source describes who Joseph Stalin was and how he came into power. This article allowed me to better understand the Soviet Union and the decisions that he made.
"Joseph Stalin." Home. Royal Air Force Museum, n.d. Web. 09 Feb. 2014.
<http://www.nationalcoldwarexhibition.org/the-cold-war/biographies/joseph-stalin/>.
This website article was a bibliography of Joseph Stalin - it shed a lot of light on Stalin’s background and who exactly he was. It also provided some pretty interesting quotations that I used throughout my website.
King, David. The Commissar Vanishes: The Falsification of Photographs and Art in
Stalin's Russia. New York: Metropolitan, 1997. Print.
This interesting book shows how photographs were altered over time to reflect the message and leaders that Stalin wanted to promote to the populace. It shows the elimination of many leaders, who were killed or imprisoned by Stalin and how their existence was wiped out from official records.
Lenin's Preserved Body. N.d. Photograph. The New York Times. The New York Times,
21 July 2012. Web. 13 Oct. 2013.
<http://www.nytimes.com/2012/07/22/opinion/sunday/whats-lenins-dead-body tdo.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0>.
This is a photo of Lenon’s preserved body, long since dead. His preserved body is almost like propaganda itself - showing the continuing presence of communism in Russia still today. This book was helpful in my understanding of the Soviet influence.
Pacepa, Ion Mihai, and Ronald J. Rychlak. Disinformation: Former Spy Chief Reveals Secret
Strategies for Undermining Freedom, Attacking Religion, and Promoting Terrorism.
N.p , n.d. Print.
A former spy chief wrote this book, and in it he highlights all the things he had to stretch or make up for the sake of the Soviet Union. This book was a great insight as to how the image of the Soviet Union was completely inflated to make it look better in comparison to other countries.
Platt, Kevin, and David Brandenbury. Epic Revolutionism: Russian History and
Literature as Stalinist Propaganda. N.p.: University of Wisconsin, 2006. Print.
This book is a collection of primary sources during the time of Stalin as well as the thoughts and stories of historical personalities that witnessed the government during the darkest days of the Soviet Union.
Rzhevsky, Sergei. "Soviet Propaganda of May 1st - International Worker's Day."
Www.russiatrek.org. Russiatrek.org, 01 May 2013. Web. 13 Oct. 2013.
<http://russiatrek.org/blog/art/soviet-propaganda-of-may-1-international-workers
day/>.
This website talks about international worker’s day and the reasons that it was so celebrated in the Soviet Union.
Sen, Salil, and Brian Reid. "History of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union
(Bolsheviks)." History of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (Bolsheviks).
N.p., n.d. Web. 14 Oct. 2013. <http://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/stalin/works/1939/x01/>.
This is just a short course on the history of the Soviet Union. This website helped me better understand the historical context of my frame of research and really let me explore who Lenin and Stalin were, exactly.
"The Propaganda of the Putin Era: Part One, In Russia." Imrussia.org. Institute of Modern
Russia, 13 Nov. 2012. Web. 13 Oct. 2013. <http://imrussia.org/en/politics/333-thepropaganda-oftheputin-era>.
The Institute of Modern Russia is a non-profit research organization based in Washington DC that studies Russia. This particular series, of which this is the first part, traces the propaganda of Putin and links it to past Soviet approaches.
"The Propaganda of the Putin Era Part Two: The Kremlin's Tentacles." Imrussia.org.Institute of
Modern Russia, 05 Dec. 2012. Web. 13 Oct. 2013.
<http://imrussia.org/en/politics/334-thepropoganda-of-the-putin-era>.
This 2nd part of the series on Putin’s propaganda links the tactics of Soviet Russia and current day Russia and how the Kremlin controls information in order to control the population.
"The Propaganda of the Putin Era Part Three: Simulated Democracy." Imrussia.org.
Institute of Modern Russia, 24 Apr. 2013. Web. 13 Oct. 2013.
<http://imrussia.org/en/politics/443simulated-democracy>.
This 3rd part of the series discusses the tactic of making Russia appear to be more democratic than it truly is, by portraying it positively in the West through Russian Times and other vehicles, at the same time downplaying the US and West as non-democratic.
Westerman, Frank, and Sam Garrett. Engineers of the Soul: The Grandiose Propaganda of
Stalin's Russia. New York: Overlook, 2011. Print.
This book tells the story of Soviet and present-day propaganda and how they contrast. It also tells how art was used as a weapon in propaganda. This book was really helpful in letting me compare and see the influence of Soviet propaganda in present day Russia.
"The Bread One Is Working For" 1920-1930. Photograph. Russian Archives Online. Web.
25 Oct. 2013. <http://russianarchives.com/gallery/posters/index.html>.
This is a black, white, and beige poster. The note reads ‘Young man from the new regime refuses to sell bread unless the old regime shows work books - no work, no food.” This helped show me how the government publicized its policies through posters and propaganda.
Babaev, Aleksandrova G., and V. Puchkov. ""Glory to Our Country"" Rec. 1943. N.d.
SovMusic. Web.
<http://www.sovmusic.ru/english/list.php?category=rodina&gold=yes&part=1>.
This is a song about the “glorious, sweet motherland” With this song you can see how Stalin even influenced music, encouraging simple war tunes.
“Be On Guard.”1920s. Photograph. Web.
This poster shows a firm, bright red hand disciplining a smaller black hand. This poster preaches that you should be paranoid and some people are “Enemies of the people” and are evil. These people are trying to compromise soviet happiness.
"Capitalists Countries: Unite!" 1917-20. Photograph. Russian Archives Online. Web. 25
Oct. 2013. <http://russianarchives.com/gallery/posters/index.html>.
This poster pictures three fat men (symbolizing capitalist countries) sitting atop nude bodies. This image shows how the Soviet Union displayed other countries to its people. The caption reads: "League of Nations - Capitalists from all countries, unite!"
Chernov, Novosti. Joseph Stalin’s Funeral. 1961. Photograph. Web. 9 Feb. 2014.
<http://en.ria.ru/photolents/20130305/179810895_16/stalin-funeral.html>.
This is a photo of the peoples of the USSR after the death of Stalin. They are all holding up images of Stalin. This image shows the great impact of being immersed into total propaganda.
Child Labor. N.d. Photograph. Effects of the Industrial Revolution. Web. 09 Feb. 2014.
<http://webs.bcp.org/sites/vcleary/ModernWorldHistoryTextbook/IndustrialRevolutio
/REffects.html>.
This is a photograph of a child sweeping in a factory during the industrial revolution. This image illustrated the hardships of the industrial revolution.
"Citizens !" Foreign Languages Publishing House (1954), n.d. Web. 14 Oct. 2013. <http://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/stalin/works/1905/10/x01.htm>.
This old newspaper article, found in the archives of Marxists.org, was one originally published in October of 1905. It speaks of how the people want “Down with Autocracy! “ and how they shout ”Long Live the General Armed Uprising!” This old article provided useful insight on what it was like in the early 1900’s.
Collection of “Specialist workers”. N.d. Photograph. The Commissar Vanishes. New York:
Metropolitan, 1997. N. pag. Print.
This image shows the top seven “specialist workers” and how four out of the seven were marked-out (killed) due to the idea that “Not one disorder, not one accident should go unheeded.”
The Communist Manifesto. N.d. Photograph. Radical Revolution. 3 Oct. 2005. Web. 9 Feb. 2014.
<http://rationalrevolution.net/special/library/communist_manifesto.htm>.
This is a picture of a book cover of the Communist Manifesto. It provided a visual and the cover also includes a photo of Karl Marx and Frederick Engels, which is helpful.
Fonvisin. Vladimir Lenon Reads the Pravda. 1931. Photograph. Russian Archives Online.
Web. 25 Oct. 2013. <http://russianarchives.com/gallery/posters/prop3.html>
This poster shows Lenon reading his own newspaper, the Pravda. I found this image interesting. It somewhat reminds me of the “Got milk?” commercials we have today, but in a twisted way.
Illingworth. Peeking Under the Iron Curtain. 1946. Photograph. Johnandclare.net. Web.
<http://www.johndclare.net/cold_war7.htm>.
This was a cartoon of Winston Churchill peeking under “the iron curtain” from the Daily Mail. This cartoon illustrated how true Churchill’s words seemed to ring and illustrates his idea nicely.
Issak Zelensky. N.d. Photograph. The Commissar Vanishes. New York: Metropolitan,
1997. N. pag. Print.
This is a photograph of the face of Issak Zelensky marked out in Alexander Rodchenko’s copy of Ten Years of Uzbekistan. This image showed me how skilled the Soviet Union was at making people disappear.
John Locke Portrait. N.d. Photograph. : The Freeman : Foundation for Economic Education.
Foundation for Economic Education. Web. 09 Feb. 2014.
<http://www.fee.org/the_freeman/detail/john-locke-natural-rights-to-life-liberty-and-property#axzz2sEBQ3g5P>.
This is a picture of John Locke. I used this photograph in my website to provide for imagery, as I, myself, am a visual learner.
Jones, Gareth. A Great Multitude That No Man Could Number. N.d. Photograph. 1933
Ukrainian Famine Photos from Ammnede. Human Life in Russia. Web. 09 Feb. 2014. <http://www.garethjones.org/soviet_articles/thomas_walker/human_life_in_russia.hm>
This image pictured a group of Ukrainian people hat had been killed in the famine, piled in a stack. This image was unsettling because it almost desensitized you to the deaths.
Jones, Gareth. Another Child Victim Of The Famine. N.d. Photograph. 1933. Ukrainian Famine
Photos from Ammnede. Human Life in Russia. Web. 09 Feb. 2014. <http://www.garethjones.org/soviet_articles/thomas_walker/human_life_in_russia.hm>
This is an image of a child, about my age, starving and sitting in what looks to be a bathtub. This image is especially unsettling because you tend to put yourself in the child’s perspective when viewing. I used this photo as a visual aid.
Jones, Gareth. Another Famine Victim Lying In A Field. N.d. Photograph. 1933. Ukrainian Famine
Photos from Ammnede. Human Life in Russia. Web. 09 Feb. 2014. <http://www.garethjones.org/soviet_articles/thomas_walker/human_life_in_russia.hm>
This is a famine victim lying in a field, with no one helping him. It shows the immensely terrible state the people under the imposed famine were in – enough to just collapse, near dead, and receiving no help.
Jones, Gareth. Collecting Corpses For Burial. N.d. Photograph. 1933. Ukrainian Famine Photos
from Ammnede. Human Life in Russia. Web. 09 Feb. 2014. <http://www.garethjones.org/soviet_articles/thomas_walker/human_life_in_russia.htm>
This is a black and white image of a woman taking a dead famine victim and placing her onto a stretcher. This shows how the famine had lasted for so long that it had become integrated into a daily part of their life.
Jones, Gareth. Famine Is Of All Scourges The Cruelest To Children. N.d. Photograph. 1933.
Ukrainian Famine Photos from Ammnede. Human Life in Russia. Web. 09 Feb. 2014. <http://www.garethjones.org/soviet_articles/thomas_walker/human_life_in_russia.htm>
This is a photograph of a young woman presumably holding her child. It was also taken in Ukraine during the famine, further illustrating the horror that Stalin unleashed if only for his plans to be implemented.
Jones, Gareth. Famine Victims In Hospital .N.d. Photograph. 1933. Ukrainian Famine Photos
from Ammnede. Human Life in Russia. Web. 09 Feb. 2014. <http://www.garethjones.org/soviet_articles/thomas_walker/human_life_in_russia.htm>
This pictures a famine victim lying in a hospital bed. I used this photograph because I feel like it really portrays some of the horror that the famine brought.
Jones, Gareth. Mass Graves Of Famine Victims, In Such Numbers They Resemble Dunes. N.d.
Photograph. 1933. Ukrainian Famine Photos from Ammnede. Human Life in Russia. Web.
09 Feb. 2014. <http://www.garethjones.org/soviet_articles/thomas_walker/human_life_in_russia.htm>
This is a photo of a mass burial site for the famine victims, only partly portraying the sheer number of those that died during the famine imposed by Stalin.
Jones, Gareth. Surrender. N.d. Photograph. 1933 Ukrainian Famine Photos from Ammnede'.
1936. Human Life in Russia. Web. 09 Feb. 2014. <http://www.garethjones.org/soviet_articles/thomas_walker/human_life_in_russia.htm>.
This is a photo taken in Ukraine during the famine. It pictures a mule lying on its side, too ill to stand up. This photograph allows the website viewer to see the immense impact and extent of Stalin’s control.
Mukhina, Vera. Worker and Collective Farm Woman. 1931. Photograph. Web. Jan. 2014.
<http://www.therussiahouse.net/ID7_worker.html>
This photo of the Pro-Communist statue showed me how art was used as a tool by the government to win the hearts and minds if its people.
October Revolution. N.d. Photograph. 1917 Russian Revolution. IMD. Web. 09 Feb. 2014.
<http://www.miraed.net/parallelhistory/event_display_get.php?fname=1917%20Russia
%20Revolution>.
This is a photograph of the October Revolution picturing people rallying in the streets ready to take over the provisional government. This picture helped me to realize the immense public support Lenin had in creating a Communist society.
Propaganda Poster for the 1937 Election. N.d. Photograph. Marxists.org. Web. <http://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/stalin/works/1937/12/election/index.hm>
This image is of a poster picturing Stalin. It is a propaganda poster for his election in 1937. Though Stalin ran for his position doesn’t mean that it was a fair election. This poster just continues to illustrate the trickery of the government.
A Road to Peace. N.d. Photograph. EnglishRussia.com. Web. 14 Oct. 2013. <http://englishrussia.com/images/anti_usa/4.jpg>.
This is a Russian propaganda poster against America. In this cartoon, it shows Uncle Sam using nuclear weapons as stilts and it reads “A Road to Peace” where he is walking. This propaganda was meant to encourage negative thoughts about America.
Samokhvalov, Aleksandr. "Long Live the Socialist Revolution in the Whole World!" 1922,
Photograph. Hoover Institution. Russian Archives Online. PBS. Web.
<http://www.pbs.org/redfiles/rao/gallery/posters/index.html>.
This is a political poster picturing Lenin gesturing toward a cheering crowd during his arrival into Petersburg. This source shows how the propaganda influenced the pride that the citizens of the Soviet union felt about their country, and how they are constantly reminding the public that the Communist party is their savior and dear friend.
Stalin Portrait. 1936. Photograph. Marxists.org. Web. 14 Oct. 2013.
<http://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/stalin/photo/s1936a.htm>.
This is a black and white photograph of Stalin. This image gives a nice visual as to how Stalin looked like and makes him easier to spot in later photographs.
Stalin Portrait: Through the Ages. N.d. Photograph. The Commissar Vanishes. New York:
Metropolitan, 1997. N. pag. Print.
This is an image of Stalin and the members of the Eighth congress of Bolshevik Party, Moscow. This was the original image. It was cut down eventually to only Stalin after members were killed or dismembered.
Stalin’s Kindness Enlightens. 1947. Photograph. Buamai. Web. 13 Oct. 2013.
<http://www.buamai.com/image/40846>.
This is a poster showing Stalin holding up a young girl, who is waving the flag of the USSR. This propaganda shows how blinded masses can be by images of the false reality.
Stalin’s Death. 1953. Photograph. Web. 9 Feb. 2014. <http://stalin.narod.ru>.
This photograph was taken on March 9. Nine pallbearers are pictured carrying the coffin from the Hall of Columns onto a gun carriage. I used this photograph because I felt that it captured the utter sadness and insecurity involving his death.
Statue of Stalin. N.d. Photograph. The Commissar Vanishes. New York: Metropolitan, 1997. N.
pag. Print.
This is a black and white image of a statue of Stalin. Many revolting countries under the rule of Stalin would deface and take down the Stalin statues in their cities as protest. This source helped me see how propaganda really was everywhere.
Soifertis. Polite Yanks. 1952. Photograph. Russian Archives Online. Web. 24 Oct. 2013.
<http://russianarchives.com/gallery/posters/prop7.html>.
This is a photo of America drinking milk. The top of the poster reads, "In the French town of Le-Man the delivery of milk was reduced 50% because the American occupation troops are the first to get dairy products."
"So It Was in the Time of the Tsar." 1936. Photograph. Russian Archives Online. Web. 25
Oct. 2013. <http://russianarchives.com/gallery/posters/prop3.html>.
This poster really shows the true definition of propaganda. It pictures a red banner reading, "Only the life in the kolkhoz (collective farm) made work an honorable thing... The kolkhoz introduced the working day. And what is the working day? For the working day everybody is equal: men and women." The message is not bad as a whole, but is laced with the ideologies of socialism.
Soviet Ruble. 1924. Photograph. Web. Feb, 2014.
<http://www.mcsearch.info/record.html?id=264182>
This is a photo of a Soviet ruble in 1924. It demonstrates and helps address in my website how propaganda was something deeply incorporated into every aspect of life. This coin pictures two men walking toward a future full of sunshine, and highlights the Communist October Revolution.
Svec, Otakar. Stalin Statue. May 1, 1955. Photograph. Web. Feb, 2014.
<http://www.radio.cz/en/section/curraffrs/worlds-biggest-stalin-monument-would-have
turned-50-on-may-day>
This is a black and white photograph of a statue previously in present day Moscow. It has an interesting history- a day before the unveiling, its artist committed suicide. This statue shows how art was used solely as an expression of the government. I thought this was an extremely interesting visual.
Tarasova, Liudmila. "We Subdue Space and Time." 1986. Photograph. Russian Archives
Online. Web. 24 Oct. 2013.
<http://russianarchives.com/gallery/posters/prop10.html>.
This image pictures two people floating in space circling the world. This image highlights the idea of Russian dominance.
Thank You, Dear Stalin, for Our Happy Childhood! 1935. Photograph. SovMusic. 2013.
Web. 25 Aug. 2013. <http://www.sovmusic.ru/english/p_view.php?id=284>.
This is a poster picturing Stalin looking over happy children. This poster enforces the image of Stalin being a fatherly figure - a figure you should listen to and respect.
TIME Magazine Cover: Stalin, Man of the Year. 1943. Photograph. TIME Magazine.
TIME. Web. 13 Oct. 2013.
<http://content.time.com/time/covers/0,16641,19430104,00.html>.
This is a TIME cover of Joseph Stalin. This shows especially how powerful Stalin and his lies were - they were believed by TIME magazine to the point where his “amazing” accomplishments were plastered on the front cover. Seeing this source really hit home, as I usually spend Saturday mornings flipping through the pages of TIME.
Toidze, Irakli. Motherland Is Calling! N.d. Photograph. Soviet Posters. Web.
<http://www.sovietposters.com>.
This is a famous soviet poster picturing a woman holding an enlistment form into the army. This is a poster arousing a sense of nationalism and pride in order to get citizens to fight in the army. This somewhat reminds me of the USA Uncle Sam’s “I want you!” poster.
Under the Leadership of the Great Stalin – Forward to Communism. Photograph. Web. Feb,
2014. <http://historoda.com/2013/04/17/revolution-and-nationalism-totalitarianism/>
This is another propaganda poster to link Stalin to the Communist dream. It ties his connection somewhat to highly popular Lenin, and tells the people - Yes, if anyone can, Lenin can!
“Vaterland”. N.d. Photograph. The Commissar Vanishes. New York: Metropolitan, 1997.
N. pag. Print.
This is a cruel caricature of German officials published in 1938; it is black and white and shows them as hogs drinking water. This cartoon is yet another that mocks Germany.
Vladimirsk, Boris. Roses for Stalin. 1949. Photograph. Web. Dec, 2013.
<http://www.all-art.org/art_20th_century/socialist_realism1.html>
This is a painting of Stalin holding a bouquet of roses presented by young children. This is another example of Socialist realism, and illustrates the controlling government of Stalin’s Soviet Union.
“We'll Execute the Plan of the Great Works.”. 1920s. Photograph. Web.
This propaganda poster pictures a hand made up of thousands. It shows how the government pressured the individual to make the “right” decision for the country like everyone else. It forces the individual to question their position.
White, Matthew. Map of the USSR in 1950. 2000. Photograph. Apr. 2000. Web. Jan.
2014. <http://users.erols.com/mwhite28/ussr.htm>.
This is a map of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics in 1950. This source helped me to visualize the union better, and provides some context as to where the USSR is.
"Winston Churchill at Fulton." YouTube. YouTube, 31 Dec. 2006. Web. 24 Oct. 2013.
<http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P8_wQ-5uxV4>.
This is footage of Winston Churchill giving a speech on March 5, 1946, speaking of the “iron curtain” and how Soviet propaganda was shutting us out from seeing the truth. This footage was extremely helpful and helped me to better understand how America and the rest of the world felt about the Soviet Union under Stalin.
Wyver, John. Father Stalin Statue. N.d. Photograph. Illuminations Films. 25 Jan. 2011. Web. 09
Feb. 2014. <http://www.illuminationsmedia.co.uk/blog/index.cfm?&news_id=95>.
This is another photograph of a statue of Stalin - the statue was actually destroyed a year after Stalin died, as part of the fall of Communism. This photograph was meant to illustrate the strength and power Stalin had during his rule.
Yeflemov. "Spectre of Communism" 1948. Photograph. Russian Archives Online. Web. 25
Oct. 2013. <http://russianarchives.com/gallery/posters/prop4.html>.
This is a poster that pictures a man carrying the flag of communism. The captions read, "There is a spectre haunting Europe, the spectre of Communism. One hundred years late: you see, sirs, today it is not a spectre - today it is a reality!” This poster helped show the spread and rise of communism in the Soviet Union.
SECONDARY SOURCES
Bezmenov, Yuri. "Yuri Bezmenov; Ex-KGB Defector - "Deception Was My Job" [full
Length]MUST SEE!" Interview by Edward Griffin. YouTube. YouTube, 19 Jan.
2011. Web. 14 Oct. 2013. <http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_doqvkC-jYk>.
This interview from over 20 years ago with a famous Soviet defector who was a propagandist with the KGB, focuses on how the Soviets used systemic disinformation to manipulate the public’s perception of events.
Bezmenov, Yuri. "Yuri Bezmenov: Psychological Warfare Subversion & Control of
Western Society (Complete)." Lecture. Yuri Bezmenov Lecture, 1983. Los Angeles, CA. 13 Oct.
2013. YouTube. YouTube, 22 Feb. 2011. Web. 14 Oct. 2013. <http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5gnpCqsXE8g>.
This lecture in Los Angeles expands on how the KGB used the media to propagate their message.
Davenport, Tim. "Speech Delivered by Comrade J. Stalin at a Meeting of Voters of The
Stalin Electoral Area, Moscow." Speech at a Meeting of Voters. N.p., n.d. Web. 14 Oct.2013.<http://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/stalin/works/1937/12/election index.htm>.
This article was just commentary on two election propaganda posters for Stalin in 1937. It was really interesting to know the story behind the posters.
"DEATH BY GOVERNMENT." DEATH BY GOVERNMENT: GENOCIDE AND MASS MURDER.
N.p., n.d. Web. 06 Feb. 2014. <http://www.hawaii.edu/powerkills/NOTE1.HTM>.
This source is gives a few interesting demographics portraying the amount of people killed under Stalin’s rule.
"Effects of the Industrial Revolution." Untitled Document. N.p., n.d. Web. 09 Feb. 2014. <http://webs.bcp.org/sites/vcleary/ModernWorldHistoryTextbook/IndustrialRevolutio
/REffects.html>.
This website explained the mass effects of the Industrial Revolution and gave me some historical context as to, how, exactly, the desire for communism arose.
Fiefer, George. PBS. PBS, 1999. Web. 25 Aug. 2013. <http://www.pbs.org/redfiles/>.
The PBS series “Red Files” highlights history from a Soviet perspective, and links to many interesting sources, as well as databases that were especially useful for my topic.
Feifer, George. Red Files: Secrets from the Russian Archives. New York: TV, 2000. Print.
This book based on the PBS series “Red Files” provides more detailed and accessible information on Soviet propaganda and trickery used throughout Stalin’s rule.
Jones, Bill T. "Red Flag (1917-1940)." PBS. PBS, n.d. Web. 09 Feb. 2014.
<http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/peoplescentury/episodes/redflag/description.html>.
This source was created by PBS and was a historical recounting of the Russian Revolution. This article included interesting quotes, and helped solidify my understanding of the historical context - it helped me to realize that the October revolution only preceded the February Revolution, and the entire Russian Revolution were these two revolutions together.
"Joseph Stalin Biography." Bio.com. A&E Networks Television, n.d. Web. 14 Oct. 2013.
<http://www.biography.com/people/joseph-stalin-9491723>.
This secondary source describes who Joseph Stalin was and how he came into power. This article allowed me to better understand the Soviet Union and the decisions that he made.
"Joseph Stalin." Home. Royal Air Force Museum, n.d. Web. 09 Feb. 2014.
<http://www.nationalcoldwarexhibition.org/the-cold-war/biographies/joseph-stalin/>.
This website article was a bibliography of Joseph Stalin - it shed a lot of light on Stalin’s background and who exactly he was. It also provided some pretty interesting quotations that I used throughout my website.
King, David. The Commissar Vanishes: The Falsification of Photographs and Art in
Stalin's Russia. New York: Metropolitan, 1997. Print.
This interesting book shows how photographs were altered over time to reflect the message and leaders that Stalin wanted to promote to the populace. It shows the elimination of many leaders, who were killed or imprisoned by Stalin and how their existence was wiped out from official records.
Lenin's Preserved Body. N.d. Photograph. The New York Times. The New York Times,
21 July 2012. Web. 13 Oct. 2013.
<http://www.nytimes.com/2012/07/22/opinion/sunday/whats-lenins-dead-body tdo.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0>.
This is a photo of Lenon’s preserved body, long since dead. His preserved body is almost like propaganda itself - showing the continuing presence of communism in Russia still today. This book was helpful in my understanding of the Soviet influence.
Pacepa, Ion Mihai, and Ronald J. Rychlak. Disinformation: Former Spy Chief Reveals Secret
Strategies for Undermining Freedom, Attacking Religion, and Promoting Terrorism.
N.p , n.d. Print.
A former spy chief wrote this book, and in it he highlights all the things he had to stretch or make up for the sake of the Soviet Union. This book was a great insight as to how the image of the Soviet Union was completely inflated to make it look better in comparison to other countries.
Platt, Kevin, and David Brandenbury. Epic Revolutionism: Russian History and
Literature as Stalinist Propaganda. N.p.: University of Wisconsin, 2006. Print.
This book is a collection of primary sources during the time of Stalin as well as the thoughts and stories of historical personalities that witnessed the government during the darkest days of the Soviet Union.
Rzhevsky, Sergei. "Soviet Propaganda of May 1st - International Worker's Day."
Www.russiatrek.org. Russiatrek.org, 01 May 2013. Web. 13 Oct. 2013.
<http://russiatrek.org/blog/art/soviet-propaganda-of-may-1-international-workers
day/>.
This website talks about international worker’s day and the reasons that it was so celebrated in the Soviet Union.
Sen, Salil, and Brian Reid. "History of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union
(Bolsheviks)." History of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (Bolsheviks).
N.p., n.d. Web. 14 Oct. 2013. <http://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/stalin/works/1939/x01/>.
This is just a short course on the history of the Soviet Union. This website helped me better understand the historical context of my frame of research and really let me explore who Lenin and Stalin were, exactly.
"The Propaganda of the Putin Era: Part One, In Russia." Imrussia.org. Institute of Modern
Russia, 13 Nov. 2012. Web. 13 Oct. 2013. <http://imrussia.org/en/politics/333-thepropaganda-oftheputin-era>.
The Institute of Modern Russia is a non-profit research organization based in Washington DC that studies Russia. This particular series, of which this is the first part, traces the propaganda of Putin and links it to past Soviet approaches.
"The Propaganda of the Putin Era Part Two: The Kremlin's Tentacles." Imrussia.org.Institute of
Modern Russia, 05 Dec. 2012. Web. 13 Oct. 2013.
<http://imrussia.org/en/politics/334-thepropoganda-of-the-putin-era>.
This 2nd part of the series on Putin’s propaganda links the tactics of Soviet Russia and current day Russia and how the Kremlin controls information in order to control the population.
"The Propaganda of the Putin Era Part Three: Simulated Democracy." Imrussia.org.
Institute of Modern Russia, 24 Apr. 2013. Web. 13 Oct. 2013.
<http://imrussia.org/en/politics/443simulated-democracy>.
This 3rd part of the series discusses the tactic of making Russia appear to be more democratic than it truly is, by portraying it positively in the West through Russian Times and other vehicles, at the same time downplaying the US and West as non-democratic.
Westerman, Frank, and Sam Garrett. Engineers of the Soul: The Grandiose Propaganda of
Stalin's Russia. New York: Overlook, 2011. Print.
This book tells the story of Soviet and present-day propaganda and how they contrast. It also tells how art was used as a weapon in propaganda. This book was really helpful in letting me compare and see the influence of Soviet propaganda in present day Russia.